The Science of a Healthy Smile Our mouths are complex ecosystems teeming with bacteria. While some bacteria are beneficial, others contribute to plaque formation, tooth decay, and gum disease. Understanding this delicate balance is key to effective oral hygiene. Plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, constantly forms on our teeth. If not removed regularly, it hardens into tartar (calculus), which can only be removed by a dental professional. The process of tooth decay begins when bacteria in plaque metabolize sugars and carbohydrates, producing acids that erode tooth enamel. This demineralization process weakens the enamel, eventually leading to cavities. Gum disease, or periodontitis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It starts with gingivitis, characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums, and can progress to bone loss and tooth loss if left untreated. Building Your Optimal Dental Care Routine A truly effective dental care routine goes beyond...